An inflammatory skin condition caused by clogged hair follicles, excess oil production, and bacteria, commonly affecting the face, chest, and back.
An autoimmune condition that causes sudden patchy hair loss, usually in small round patches on the scalp and sometimes elsewhere. Hair can regrow, and the condition can come and go.
A condition in which the blood carries less oxygen than it should, usually because of too few healthy red blood cells or too little haemoglobin. It often develops gradually and can leave a person tired, pale, and short of breath.
Persistent excessive worry, nervousness, or fear, often with physical symptoms such as a racing heart, muscle tension, or restlessness, beyond what the situation warrants.
An illness caused by harmful bacteria multiplying in the body. It can affect almost any area (skin, throat, lungs, urinary tract, and more) and ranges from mild and local to serious and widespread.
The most common type of cancer, arising from the epithelial cells that line the skin and internal organs. It includes skin carcinomas such as basal cell and squamous cell, and many organ cancers. It requires medical diagnosis and treatment.
A sensation of pressure, constriction, or heaviness in the chest, which can stem from muscular, respiratory, digestive, cardiac, or anxiety-related causes.
Infrequent or difficult bowel movements, often with hard, dry stools and straining. It is very common and usually linked to diet, hydration, and activity, but can occasionally signal another issue.
A reflex action that clears the airways, which can be acute (short-term) or chronic (lasting more than eight weeks).
Flaking of the skin on the scalp, often with itching. It is very common and usually mild, caused by a dry scalp or a yeast that naturally lives on the skin, and it is not contagious.
Persistent low mood, loss of interest or pleasure, and reduced energy lasting most of the day for two or more weeks, impairing daily function. A recognised clinical condition, distinct from temporary low mood.
Abdominal distension, discomfort or excess gas after eating, often fluctuating throughout the day.
A sensation of lightheadedness, unsteadiness, or spinning (vertigo) that may be brief or persistent.
A common condition where patches of skin become dry, itchy, red, cracked, or inflamed. It often flares and settles and is common in people with a personal or family history of allergies or asthma.
Swelling caused by excess fluid trapped in the body tissues, most often in the feet, ankles, legs, or hands. It can be mild and temporary or a sign of an underlying condition.
Persistent lack of energy affecting daily function. Distinct from normal tiredness.
Hardened deposits that form in the gallbladder, often from cholesterol or bile pigments. Many cause no symptoms, but some trigger sudden, severe pain in the upper-right abdomen, especially after fatty meals.
A form of arthritis caused by a build-up of uric acid that forms sharp crystals in a joint, triggering sudden, severe pain, redness, and swelling, often in the big toe.
Increased shedding or gradual thinning of hair from the scalp or more widely. It can be temporary, such as after stress or illness, or ongoing due to genetic, hormonal, or nutritional factors.
Swollen blood vessels in or around the back passage (anus). They are very common and often cause itching, discomfort, or bright red bleeding when passing stools.
Sudden feelings of heat, often in the face, neck, and chest, sometimes with sweating, flushing, and a rapid heartbeat. They are most common around menopause but can have other causes.
The natural way the body responds to injury, infection, or irritation. Short-term inflammation helps healing, but ongoing (chronic) low-grade inflammation is linked to many long-term health conditions.
A tingling or irritating sensation that makes you want to scratch. It can affect one area or the whole body, and often comes from dry skin, allergies, or skin conditions, though it can sometimes signal an internal cause.
Hard mineral deposits that form in the kidneys, most commonly from calcium oxalate. Small stones may pass unnoticed, but larger ones can cause severe pain as they move through the urinary tract.
Aching, cramping, or sharp discomfort in one or both legs. It can range from ordinary muscle fatigue to pain linked to the nerves, joints, or blood circulation.
Blood pressure that is lower than normal. For some people it causes no problems, but for others it can lead to dizziness, light-headedness, or fainting, especially when standing up.
Persistent feelings of sadness, flatness, or reduced motivation not meeting clinical depression criteria.
A serious form of skin cancer that develops from pigment-producing cells, often appearing as a new or changing mole. Caught early it is usually treatable, so prompt medical assessment of any suspicious mole is essential.
A type of headache that often causes moderate to severe throbbing pain, usually on one side of the head, sometimes with nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound. Some people get warning signs (aura) beforehand.
Sudden, involuntary muscle contractions typically in legs, often occurring at night or during exercise.
The unpleasant feeling of needing to be sick. It is very common and usually short-lived, but persistent or severe nausea can point to an underlying issue.
Difficulty sustaining attention, mental fogginess, or slow thinking affecting work or daily tasks.
Difficulty falling or staying asleep, or waking unrefreshed despite adequate time in bed.
A common long-term skin condition that mainly affects the face, causing redness, flushing, visible blood vessels, and sometimes small bumps. It tends to flare and settle and is more common in fair-skinned adults.
Sudden, stabbing, or sharp pain in the chest that can arise from muscular, respiratory, digestive, or cardiac causes and always warrants prompt assessment.
Difficulty breathing or a sensation of not getting enough air, ranging from mild breathlessness on exertion to severe distress at rest.
Pain, irritation, or scratchiness in the throat, often worsened by swallowing.
An infection in any part of the urinary system, most often the bladder. It commonly causes a burning feeling when urinating, a frequent urge to go, and cloudy or strong-smelling urine.
Swollen, twisted veins, usually in the legs, that look blue or dark purple and may bulge under the skin. They occur when the small valves inside the veins weaken, allowing blood to pool.
An illness caused by a virus, such as the common cold, flu, or many others. Most are self-limiting and improve with rest, but some can be serious, and antibiotics do not work against viruses.
A long-term condition where patches of skin lose their pigment and turn pale or white, because the cells that make pigment are lost. It is not contagious or harmful to physical health, but it can affect confidence.