Kidney Stones
Hard mineral deposits that form in the kidneys, most commonly from calcium oxalate. Small stones may pass unnoticed, but larger ones can cause severe pain as they move through the urinary tract.
⚠ Seek medical attention if:
Severe pain in the side or back that comes in waves, blood in the urine, pain with fever and chills (possible infection), an inability to pass urine, or persistent vomiting. Seek urgent medical care for these.
Lifestyle factors
Not drinking enough fluids, a high-salt or high-animal-protein diet, being overweight, hot climates, and a family history; some people form stones repeatedly
Nutritional factors
Low fluid intake, high salt, high intake of oxalate-rich foods in susceptible people, excess animal protein, and high-dose vitamin C supplements; adequate dietary calcium and good hydration are generally protective
Possible medical causes
Metabolic conditions, recurrent urinary infections, gout, certain medications, and conditions that raise calcium or oxalate levels; some causes are inherited
Next steps
See a GP for symptoms of a kidney stone or for recurrent stones, as tests can identify the type and cause. Seek urgent care for severe pain, fever, or blood in the urine. Good hydration is the mainstay of prevention.
Educational information only — not medical advice. This content does not diagnose, treat, or replace consultation with a qualified healthcare professional. Always seek professional medical advice for symptoms, supplement use, or health concerns.