Melatonin
Support sleep onset, particularly for jet lag, shift work, or circadian rhythm disruption
Forms
Tablets, capsules, gummies, sublingual, extended-release; typically 0.5–10 mg doses
Advantages
Generally well tolerated; non-habit forming; useful for short-term or situational sleep issues
Disadvantages
Not a general treatment for chronic insomnia; effect size is modest for typical sleep-onset issues; commercial doses are often higher than necessary
Side effects
Grogginess the next morning, vivid dreams, headache
Interactions
May interact with blood thinners, immunosuppressants, and diabetes medications
At-risk groups
Shift workers, frequent travellers, people with delayed sleep phase; generally not first-line for chronic insomnia
Cautions
Start with the lowest dose (0.5–1 mg); avoid regular long-term use without professional guidance, especially in children
Related symptoms
Educational information only — not medical advice. This content does not diagnose, treat, or replace consultation with a qualified healthcare professional. Always seek professional medical advice for symptoms, supplement use, or health concerns.